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33 lines
1.9 KiB
Markdown
33 lines
1.9 KiB
Markdown
---
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name: sqlite
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description: Recommended SQLite defaults (PRAGMAs and STRICT tables). Use when setting up a new project that uses SQLite, or when adding new SQLite tables to an existing project.
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---
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Apply these when starting a new SQLite project or adding tables. They are the sane defaults SQLite ships without.
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## Connection PRAGMAs
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Run these on **every new connection** (except `journal_mode`, see below). They are per-connection state, not stored in the DB file. If your library has a "connection init" hook, put them there.
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```sql
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PRAGMA journal_mode = WAL; -- set once, persists in the DB file
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PRAGMA busy_timeout = 5000; -- wait 5s on a locked DB instead of erroring
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PRAGMA synchronous = NORMAL; -- safe to lower from FULL only under WAL
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PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON; -- SQLite ignores FK constraints unless you enable this
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```
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## Tables
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Create tables as `STRICT` so column types are enforced:
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```sql
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CREATE TABLE user (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT NOT NULL) STRICT;
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```
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## Gotchas
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- **`foreign_keys`, `busy_timeout`, `synchronous` reset per connection.** Missing them on any connection silently drops the behavior (e.g. FK constraints stop being enforced). Set them on connection open.
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- **`journal_mode = WAL` is different**: it persists in the DB file, so set it once. WAL needs the DB on **local disk** (breaks on network filesystems) and adds `-wal` and `-shm` sidecar files next to the DB.
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- **`synchronous = NORMAL` durability**: an OS crash or power loss can lose the last few committed transactions. The DB stays consistent (no corruption) — only the tail is lost. `NORMAL` is almost always the right choice; `FULL` is rarely needed. If you genuinely cannot afford to lose any committed write, you shouldn't be on SQLite at all — use a DB replicated across regions.
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- **STRICT allows only `INT`, `INTEGER`, `REAL`, `TEXT`, `BLOB`, `ANY`.** No `VARCHAR`, `DATETIME`, `BOOLEAN`, etc. Use `ANY` for a column that needs to hold mixed types.
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